Diff for "DualBoot"

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⇤ ← Revision 1 as of 2010-05-22 18:30:58 →
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Editor: 78-105-201-166
Comment: I think it is about time to get a more elegant dual-boot set of pages sorted out. To dual-boot with other OSs not just Windows and to use sub-pages and calls to external advice for some Windows stuff
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This page describes how to set up your computer in order to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows. These pages describe how to set-up your computer in order to dual-boot (or multi-boot) Ubuntu and another Operating System(s), such as Windows or even another install of Ubuntu.
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Although this may seem obvious, it is important to [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem | backup]] your data files to an external backup medium before attempting a dual-boot install (or any other hard drive manipulation), in case your hard drive becomes corrupted during the process. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are useful as external backup media.
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= Have a Windows recovery CD/DVD available =
Many computer manufacturers that pre-install Windows provide a Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD with the computer.
However, many companies no longer ship a physical disk but instead create a hidden partition on the hard drive in which the recovery-disk information is stored. A utility is then usually provided which allows the user to burn a recovery/re-installation CD or DVD from it. If you are buying a new computer and intent on dual-booting, make sure you have (or can make) a physical Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD. If neither a CD/DVD nor a recovery partition/burning utility is provided by your computer manufacturer, you may need to telephone your vendor and ask for a CD or DVD (to which you are normally entitled under the Windows EULA).		 First, of course, backup your data files and settings to an external backup medium before attempting any kind of install (or any other hard-drive manipulation). Accidents do happen, especially if you have not taken reasonable precautions beforehand. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are useful as external backup media.
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It is very important to have such a physical recovery/re-installation CD/DVD prior to changing your hard drive, in case your hard drive becomes corrupted in the process (and the recovery partition thereby becomes unavailable for use).
  
Once you have created a physical backup disk from a restore-image partition on the hard-drive, the restore-image partition can either be removed or left in place. Ubuntu can be installed with it intact without problems.		 One of the reasons people find linux easier to work with is that ALL the data and settings of all the users on a system are all contained within one easy to find folder. With some other operating systems (notably Windows) there are often stray parts, such as photo-albums, that are scattered elsewhere within their folders (hint look in "Application Data" folders both inside and outside the users folders).
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== Getting Recovery Media ==
You may need to request a physical recovery/re-installation CD or DVD directly from your computer manufacturer. Here are some resources:
 * [[http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/dsn/en/document?c=us&cs=19&docid=287034&l=en&s=dhs&redirect=1#7|Dell Operating System (OS) Recovery CD Creation and Manual Operating System Reinstall]]
 * [[http://support.dell.com/pcrt|Other related links and information for Dell owners]]
 * [[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-4M7HWZ|Lenovo Product Recovery CD or DVD]]
 * [[http://www.mydigitallife.info/2006/01/18/ibm-lenovo-thinkpad-recovery-cd/|Getting recovery CDs from IBM for a Thinkpad]]
 * [[http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/genericDocument?cc=us&docname=bph07143&lc=en|Obtaining a Windows Recovery CD or DVD set for HP and Compaq PCs]]		 = Recovery Cd for existing OS(s) =
It is wise to make sure you have the ability to fix or re-install the current Operating System. It is possible that you don't like Ubuntu or that some other unusual event happens requiring you to fix the OS that is already set-up on the machine.
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= Install Ubuntu after Windows = Many Operating Systems have an "Installer Cd" or LiveCd (or Dvd, Usb or something) that can also be used to fix most problems. Ubuntu's installer Cd can be used as a LiveCd.
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In general, a Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular and because Windows installers tend to overwrite the entire hard drive (potentially wiping out any other data stored on it). If Windows isn't already installed, install it first. If you are able to [[PartitioningSchemes|partition the drive]] prior to installing Windows, leave space for Ubuntu during the initial partitioning process. Then you won't have to resize your NTFS partition to make room for Ubuntu later (saving a bit of time). For the Windows [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsRecoveryCd | Recovery Cd]] this guide helps
 * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsRecoveryCd
As the guide says many laptops have a "Recovery Partition" at the start of the hard-drive that can be used to make a Windows Recovery Cd with the drivers for that particular laptop.
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When a Windows installation already occupies the entire hard drive, its partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Ubuntu partition. See [[HowtoResizeWindowsPartitions|How to Resize Windows Partitions]] to learn how to do this. Most [[http://distrowatch.com | distros]] (such as [[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=slitaz | sliTaz]]) can fix most Windows problems and there are specialist distros (such as [[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=trinity | Trinity Rescue Kit]] and [[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=systemrescuecd | SystemRescueCd]]) that can fix a lot more. However fixing the Windows boot-loader or reinstalling Windows will need the Windows Cd or Recovery Cd.
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This can be done through Control Panel -> Administrative tools -> Computer Management -> Disk Management. You can then use the partition manager to shrink the partitions. As a side note, you can only create free space to the right of a partition. Almost any linux distro will be able to repair almost any other. At 12th June 2010 only a few distros use Grub2 but those include Ubuntu, Debian, Mint and Fedora (of course) and grub2 can easily replace grub1 if required in almost all cases. More distros are upgrading from grub1 as their new releases emerge. Slackware still uses Lilo so a few of their users may need their own Cd. Visit the [[http://distrowatch.com | DistroWatch]] home-page for the top 100 most popular distro's chart to see what they are like.
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If you have resized the windows 7 /vista partitions and cannot boot up windows, you can use the instructions from [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringWindows#Resizing Windows Vista / 7 Partitions|WindowsRecovery]] to fix it.
Once free space has been created on the hard drive, it is easy to install Ubuntu as the second operating system (and it is done automatically) from the Ubuntu LiveCD. Allow the Ubuntu LiveCD to install to "largest available free space" (if you have left unallocated free space), or manually into a partition that you have already created for Ubuntu. 		= Some Cases =
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== Install Ubuntu == Most operating systems automatically, during install, check for other currently existing operating systems. They then add the existing ones into a boot-menu along with the new one so that you can choose which OS to boot into. Windows does not but it is the exception.
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 * Download an Ubuntu LiveCD image (.iso) from [[http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download|Ubuntu Downloads]] and burn an Ubuntu LiveCD (see [[BurningIsoHowto]]).
 * Insert the LiveCD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.
 * If the computer does not boot from the CD (eg. Windows starts again instead), check your BIOS settings and adjust them so that booting from the CD is allowed.
 * Proceed with installation until you are asked this question: "How do you want to partition the disk ?".		 It is really only Windows that ignores anything currently on your system and because of that it becomes a little more difficult to dual-boot with Windows, if Windows is installed last. There are a lot of guides on how to dual-boot with Windows on the internet because it is likely to be a person's first attempt at setting up a dual-boot system. It is also the most difficult.
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=== Resizing Partitions Using the Ubuntu Installer === If Windows is already installed or gets installed before Ubuntu then the automatic systems make it easy, just as it does with any other OS.
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==== Automatic partition resizing ====
 * Choose the First Option (It should be something like: "Resize IDE1 master, partition #1 (hda1) and use freed space").
 * Specify the size of the new partition as a percentage of your entire hard disk.
 * Click on "Forward".
 * Continue to [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot#head-6852d2e9b3e03d350a4271b58e3bdea4bbe81ad8|Finishing Ubuntu Installation]]		 == General Case ==
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==== Manual partitioning ====
 * Choose "Manually edit partition table"		 Usually you already have an existing OS which you use. As you go through the Ubuntu installer you reach a section called "Partitioning Section", this offers you a choice to install Ubuntu alongside your existing OS. This does all the work for you. When you reboot the machine you get to a menu with these choices
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 * Listed will be your current partitions  1. Ubuntu
 1. Ubuntu in recovery mode = housekeeping & handy fix-it tools
 1. Old OS 1
 1. Old OS 2 (if you are making a multi-boot rather than just a dual-boot)
 1. Memtest
 1. There might be other options
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 * Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
 * Select "Size:", press Enter.
 * Select Yes, press Enter.
 * Type in a new size in Gigabytes for your partition, it's recommended you free up AT LEAST 10 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install. Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
 * Create a swap partition of at least your amount of RAM (if you don't know, 2000 MB is a good value).
 * Create a partition for your Ubuntu installation, at least 10 GB.
 * Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk".		 If you installed Ubuntu first and a different OS last then the menu will look something like this
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= Master Boot Record and Boot Manager =  1. non-Windows other OS
 1. Ubuntu
 1. Memtest (usually)
 1. There might be other options
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GNU/GRUB2 is the boot manager installed in Ubuntu by default. If you use the Alternate CD you can choose Lilo instead. GRUB2, GRUB and Lilo are good Open Source boot managers so the main parts of the boot loaders are installed inside Ubuntu. This means Ubuntu is independent and avoids any need for writing to other operating systems. To accomplish this, the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk. The MBR code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. You will be presented with a list of operating systems and you can choose one to boot. If you do nothing Ubuntu will boot after a ten second countdown. If you select Windows then GRUB or Lilo will chain-load Windows for you at the Windows boot sector, which is the first sector of the Windows partition. So, if Ubuntu is not installed last then the "recovery mode" is missed but can be edited into the list.
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If you have a problem with changing the MBR code, you might prefer to just install the code for pointing to GRUB to the first sector of your Ubuntu partition instead. If you do that during the Ubuntu installation process, then Ubuntu won't boot until you configure some other boot manager to point to Ubuntu's boot sector.
Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read [[http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=112156]] about it.		 == Windows ==
There is a more detailed guide about [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DualBoot/Windows | dual-booting with Windows]]. It gives advice about some fairly specific, unusual cases, more notes about preparation and some detail about more advanced layouts rather then the defaults.
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Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called [[http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1|EasyBCD]], developed and mastered in during the times of Vista Beta already. EasyBCD is user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend EasyBCD. Below are some notes of peculiar problems with Vista and some Win7 although these may have settled down by the time you read this. Most other Windows such as Xp, 2000, ME and 98 are all fine.
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= Installing Windows After Ubuntu = ''' [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DualBoot/WindowsFirst | Windows First]] ''' is very very much easier because the Ubuntu installer automatically sorts the boot-loader and boot-menu for you. You can use a much more complicated, more precise route, if you prefer but for a first attempt it is probably better to let the automatic system do all the work for you. Just follow the obvious section in the "Partitioning Section" of the Ubuntu installer.
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Normally when Windows is installed after Ubuntu the "Master Boot Record", MBR, will be overwritten. You can bootup off a [[ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]] and repair the MBR. However, there are 2 different approaches: ''' [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DualBoot/WindowsLast | Windows Last]] ''' means the Windows boot-loader gets used. This gives no menu and just boots straight into Windows ignoring Ubuntu. We can [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DualBoot/Grub | fix]] that fairly easily.
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<<Anchor(recovering-grub)>>
== Recovering GRUB after reinstalling Windows ==		 === Vista ===
Service Pack1 and earlier may need to be resized from inside Vista as it sometimes stops you from being able to boot into Vista at all otherwise. There is a guide on how to recover from this but i cannot find it right now.
=== Win7 ===
Apparently Windows 7 installs 2 partitions on a standard install from their Cd. The first partition being a tiny "Recovery Partition". Apparently this makes it difficult for grub to boot up the system. Since we haven't seen many questions about this in the forums i am not certain this is really a problem but i will attempt to link to some guides from a google search (or something) later.
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There are also these help guides
 * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows
 * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Reinstalling%20from%20LiveCD
Which should help with any install of Ubuntu now.
For some simple cases the advice below might help		 == Mac ==
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=== Ubuntu 10.04 or 9.10 ===

Sorry, definitely use this guide
 * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Reinstalling%20from%20LiveCD

=== Ubuntu 9.10 & earlier ===

The older Grub, sometimes called Grub-legacy or perhaps Grub1 was used up until Ubuntu 9.10. The default for 9.10 was initially Grub1 but installs would drift over to Grub2 without users really being aware of the change. With any current Ubuntu install it is wise to install, or re-install Grub2 as shown in the link above.

If you run an older Ubuntu or had any trouble with Grub2 then Grub1 & Lilo are still available. To fix the MBR with an older [[ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]] to access a Grub command-line:

 1.#1 Boot into a [[ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]]
 1.#2 Open a [[ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal#Starting%20a%20Terminal | terminal ]]
 1.#3 Open the GRUB Command-line utility by typing
{{{
sudo grub
}}}
 1.#4 Find where Grub is. If this gives a few different answers then you will need to find the correct one, perhaps by trial-and-error.
{{{
find /boot/grub/stage1
}}}
 1.#5 Tell GRUB which partition to tell the MBR your Grub is on by entering
{{{
root (hdA,B)
}}}
The coordinates A,B are where 'A' is the hard-drive number, starting at 0, and 'B' is the partition number, starting at 0. For example, if Ubuntu was installed on the second partition of the first hard-drive, the command should be
{{{
root (hd0,1)
}}}
 1.#6 Tell GRUB which drive's MBR to fix
{{{
setup (hd0)
}}}
Replace 0 only in the extremely unlikely event that your bios does not use the first hard-drive as the boot device. Typically Ubuntu might be on any drive but the bios will almost always go to the first drive's MBR to find out where to find the boot-loader.
 1.#7 Leave the GRUB Command line
{{{
quit
}}}
and reboot.		 There are a lot of guides out there but i gather the whole Mac section is being re-written. Need to find which pages to add links to in here.
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== Master Boot Record backup and re-replacement == == Xen Server ==
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Back-up the existing MBR, install Windows, replace your backup overwriting the Windows boot code: There is a guide but also this question might help. Note at the end it mentions using "chainloader"
 * https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/110331
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 1. Create an NTFS partition for windows (using fdisk, GPartEd or whatever tool you are familiar with)
 1. Backup the MBR e.g. {{{dd if=/dev/sda of=/mbr.bin bs=446 count=1}}}
 1. Install windows
 1. Boot into a [[ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]]
 1. Mount your root partition in the LiveCD
 1. Restore the MBR e.g. {{{dd if=/media/sda/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1}}}
 1. Restart and Ubuntu will boot
 1. Setup grub to boot windows



= Issues with Windows XP and NTFS =

The Ubuntu installer has included support for resizing NTFS partitions since Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) was released way back in 2005. Very few problems have been reported relative to the huge number of times that the installer has been used. If you tried the above procedure and have had no luck, it might be that there is a pre-existing problem either in the file system, in the partition table or the hard disk.

First you should try running CHKDSK before trying again to resize the partition, and if you are using the Alternate CD, defragging might help. It is recommended that you run CHKDSK once again after resizing your NTFS partition.

Also, try the following alternative methods:

== Using QtParted from the System Rescue CD ==
  1. Boot into Windows and backup any valuable documents/photos etc onto removable media such as CD-R/DVD-R.
  1. Run the Windows disk check tool (Error-checking) on C: a couple of times (the results can be seen in the Administrative Tools > Event Viewer > Application under a "Winlogon" entry).
  1. Run the Windows defragmentation tool on C:
  1. [[http://www.sysresccd.org/download.en.php|Download the System Rescue CD ISO image]] (100 MB; has several very useful software tools).
  1. Burn the ISO image to a CD.
  1. Boot from the CD and hit Enter when you see the message "Boot:".
  1. When you get a command prompt, enter:
{{{
run_qtparted
}}}
  1. Select your disk on the graphical screen (most likely /dev/hda).
  1. Select your NTFS partition to be resized (most likely /dev/hda1).
  1. Right click with the mouse and choose Resize.
  1. Set the new partition size.
  1. Commit your changes in the File -> Commit menu. If your keyboard and mouse stop responding during resizing then please just be patient.
  1. Once your changes are saved, remove the System Rescue CD and insert your Ubuntu installation CD.
  1. Reboot and install Ubuntu into the free space.

== Using GParted from UNetbootin-PartedMagic ==

Another approach to resizing partitions, which does not require a CD, is to load [[http://partedmagic.com/|PartedMagic]] from Windows via the [[http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/|UNetbootin PartedMagic Loader]]:
  1. [[http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/|Download]] and install the Windows (.exe) file, then reboot.
  1. Select the UNetbootin-partedmagic entry after rebooting, and wait as PartedMagic boots up.
  1. Start the partition manager by clicking the GParted icon on the the panel.
  1. Select your disk (probably /dev/sda) via the drop-down menu on the top-right corner of the interface.
  1. Right-click the NTFS partition to be resized (probably /dev/sda1), and select the "resize" option.
  1. Drag the slider to specify the new size the NTFS partition should be resized to, then press OK.
  1. Press the "Apply" button to resize the disk, then reboot once done.
  1. Upon the next Windows boot, click OK when prompted to remove UNetbootin-partedmagic to remove its boot menu entry.

= Also see =

 * [[MultiOSBoot]] - How to boot more than two operating systems from a single hard drive.
 * [[CategoryVirtualization|Virtualization Category]]
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Introduction

These pages describe how to set-up your computer in order to dual-boot (or multi-boot) Ubuntu and another Operating System(s), such as Windows or even another install of Ubuntu.

Back Up Your Data

First, of course, backup your data files and settings to an external backup medium before attempting any kind of install (or any other hard-drive manipulation). Accidents do happen, especially if you have not taken reasonable precautions beforehand. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are useful as external backup media.

One of the reasons people find linux easier to work with is that ALL the data and settings of all the users on a system are all contained within one easy to find folder. With some other operating systems (notably Windows) there are often stray parts, such as photo-albums, that are scattered elsewhere within their folders (hint look in "Application Data" folders both inside and outside the users folders).

Recovery Cd for existing OS(s)

It is wise to make sure you have the ability to fix or re-install the current Operating System. It is possible that you don't like Ubuntu or that some other unusual event happens requiring you to fix the OS that is already set-up on the machine.

Many Operating Systems have an "Installer Cd" or LiveCd (or Dvd, Usb or something) that can also be used to fix most problems. Ubuntu's installer Cd can be used as a LiveCd.

For the Windows Recovery Cd this guide helps

As the guide says many laptops have a "Recovery Partition" at the start of the hard-drive that can be used to make a Windows Recovery Cd with the drivers for that particular laptop.

Most distros (such as sliTaz) can fix most Windows problems and there are specialist distros (such as Trinity Rescue Kit and SystemRescueCd) that can fix a lot more. However fixing the Windows boot-loader or reinstalling Windows will need the Windows Cd or Recovery Cd.

Almost any linux distro will be able to repair almost any other. At 12th June 2010 only a few distros use Grub2 but those include Ubuntu, Debian, Mint and Fedora (of course) and grub2 can easily replace grub1 if required in almost all cases. More distros are upgrading from grub1 as their new releases emerge. Slackware still uses Lilo so a few of their users may need their own Cd. Visit the DistroWatch home-page for the top 100 most popular distro's chart to see what they are like.

Some Cases

Most operating systems automatically, during install, check for other currently existing operating systems. They then add the existing ones into a boot-menu along with the new one so that you can choose which OS to boot into. Windows does not but it is the exception.

It is really only Windows that ignores anything currently on your system and because of that it becomes a little more difficult to dual-boot with Windows, if Windows is installed last. There are a lot of guides on how to dual-boot with Windows on the internet because it is likely to be a person's first attempt at setting up a dual-boot system. It is also the most difficult.

If Windows is already installed or gets installed before Ubuntu then the automatic systems make it easy, just as it does with any other OS.

General Case

Usually you already have an existing OS which you use. As you go through the Ubuntu installer you reach a section called "Partitioning Section", this offers you a choice to install Ubuntu alongside your existing OS. This does all the work for you. When you reboot the machine you get to a menu with these choices

  1. Ubuntu

  2. Ubuntu in recovery mode = housekeeping & handy fix-it tools

  3. Old OS 1
  4. Old OS 2 (if you are making a multi-boot rather than just a dual-boot)
  5. Memtest
  6. There might be other options

If you installed Ubuntu first and a different OS last then the menu will look something like this

  1. non-Windows other OS
  2. Ubuntu
  3. Memtest (usually)
  4. There might be other options

So, if Ubuntu is not installed last then the "recovery mode" is missed but can be edited into the list.

Windows

There is a more detailed guide about dual-booting with Windows. It gives advice about some fairly specific, unusual cases, more notes about preparation and some detail about more advanced layouts rather then the defaults.

Below are some notes of peculiar problems with Vista and some Win7 although these may have settled down by the time you read this. Most other Windows such as Xp, 2000, ME and 98 are all fine.

Windows First is very very much easier because the Ubuntu installer automatically sorts the boot-loader and boot-menu for you. You can use a much more complicated, more precise route, if you prefer but for a first attempt it is probably better to let the automatic system do all the work for you. Just follow the obvious section in the "Partitioning Section" of the Ubuntu installer.

Windows Last means the Windows boot-loader gets used. This gives no menu and just boots straight into Windows ignoring Ubuntu. We can fix that fairly easily.

Vista

Service Pack1 and earlier may need to be resized from inside Vista as it sometimes stops you from being able to boot into Vista at all otherwise. There is a guide on how to recover from this but i cannot find it right now.

Win7

Apparently Windows 7 installs 2 partitions on a standard install from their Cd. The first partition being a tiny "Recovery Partition". Apparently this makes it difficult for grub to boot up the system. Since we haven't seen many questions about this in the forums i am not certain this is really a problem but i will attempt to link to some guides from a google search (or something) later.

Mac

There are a lot of guides out there but i gather the whole Mac section is being re-written. Need to find which pages to add links to in here.

Xen Server

There is a guide but also this question might help. Note at the end it mentions using "chainloader"

External Links

CategoryHardware

DualBoot (last edited 2015-05-17 13:43:14 by 100)