This procedure works and can create a bootable Ubuntu LiveCd (along with the automatic hardware detection and configuration) from scratch. You do not need to start from a pre-existing LiveCd.
You may wish to create an Ubuntu Remix and distribute it as a LiveCd. Here is a way to do that without having to start from an existing Ubuntu Desktop Cd.
Overview
There are three different areas to think about; the host system, the disk image and the chroot.
The Host System
This refers to the Ubuntu desktop you are running, the one the customised LiveCd is being built on. You will need to install the syslinux, squashfs-tools and genisoimage packages to be able to build the LiveCd Remix using the current system.
The Disk Image
The disk image is a folder that we will burn to Cd. Just create a new folder to be the Disk-Image-Folder. The isolinux bootloader binary (taken from the syslinux package) needs to be copied onto the disk image so it will go into the disk image folder for now. The isolinux configuration file, which will allow the Cd to show a boot-menu at boot time, needs to be copied into there too. You will also copy the kernel from the chroot onto the disk image (folder).
The disk image will be created in the host environment, outside of the chroot.
The ChRoot Environment
This is the system that will eventually run from the disk. It does not need a kernel, nor a boot-loader unless you are planning on installing it back onto a hard disk (using Ubiquity). The Casper package needs to be installed into the chroot. Casper is what allows the Live System to perform hardware autoconfiguration and run from a live environment. Installing the Casper package will update the kernel's initrd to perform these tasks. The kernel that is installed into the chroot will be copied out from the chroot and put into the disk image.
The chroot will end up inside the disk image in the form of a squashed (compressed) file. For right now, it will be just another folder on your host system.
The basic steps are to
- Create a chroot and install your packages there.
- Compress the chroot system into a file.
- Create and configure the disk image which will have the bootloader (isolinux), the kernel, the compressed file-system image and some other stuff.
- Burn the Cd and test it out.
Make the ChRoot Environment
From a command-line install debootstrap on the host system. Then make a new folder "work" and inside that make another directory "chroot". Then run debootstrap
Note: The version of Debootstrap for a release of ubuntu does not contain the files to bootstrap the next Ubuntu release. For example, you cannot bootstrap Karmic on an Intrepid system without intalling Karmic's debootstrap package. Find the version of debootstrap you need here and install it using dpkg. The debootstrap package doesn't depend on any other packages and so installing it "by hand" will not cause any problems on your system.
sudo apt-get install debootstrap # alternatively, download the package and run sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_$VERSION.deb mkdir -p work/chroot cd work sudo debootstrap --arch=$ARCH $RELEASE chroot
$VERSION above should be replaced with whatever you have obtained. Likewise, $RELEASE is the version of Ubuntu you intend to build an ISO for. $ARCH is the target processor architecture. For old 32 bit x86 systems use i386. For newer 64-bit x86 systems (also known as x64, x86_64, Intel 64, and AMD64) use amd64 (--arch=amd64).
The code above creates a directory called work, with a chroot directory inside it. The debootstrap command installs a bare Ubuntu system into work/chroot.
If downloading from the main archive is slow, use one of the alternatives from this list of mirrors by adding the URL to the end of the debootstrap command, otherwise the ubuntu.com archive will be used by default.
Note: If you want to build a newer release of Ubuntu which you cannot bootstrap, for example oneiric:
cd /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/ sudo ln -s gutsy oneiric cd mkdir -p work/chroot cd work sudo debootstrap --arch=amd64 oneiric chroot
It is important to install custom applications such as MySQL after linux-generic is installed because such applications require kernel modules for post-install configurations.
If you are planning on installing anything using the package desktop-base (xfce4 for instance), you will also need to bind your /dev to the chroot as well (not just devpts). Otherwise, grube-probe will error out and you won't be able to finish the installations. Replace /path/to/chroot/dev with your respective chroot.
sudo mount --bind /dev chroot/dev
Now copy the system files so you can get some internet in the chroot.
sudo cp /etc/hosts chroot/etc/hosts sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf chroot/etc/resolv.conf sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
Note: If you are bootstrapping a release of Ubuntu other then the release you are currently running you should substitute the 'sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list chroot/etc/apt/sources.list' command with the following.
sudo sed s/<Release-You-Are-On>/<Release-You-Are-Bootstrapping>/ < /etc/apt/sources.list > chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
For example if you are running precise and you are bootstrapping oneiric the command would be:
sudo sed s/precise/oneiric/ < /etc/apt/sources.list > chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
You may edit the sources.list in the chroot to add a line from a PPA, if you need. You will need to add the PPA's key to your chroot's package manager. On the PPA's overview page you'll see the PPA's OpenPGP key id. It'll look something like this: 1024/12345678. Copy it, or make a note of, the portion after the slash, e.g: 12345678. This key will be added once we enter the chroot.
Important: Make a backup copy of /sbin/initctl this next step will delete this file. There is a problem with 10.04 upstart package not containing /sbin/initctl.distrib and even after you update upstart the directions for leaving the chroot do not seem to restore this file.
sudo chroot chroot mount none -t proc /proc mount none -t sysfs /sys mount none -t devpts /dev/pts export HOME=/root export LC_ALL=C sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 12345678 #Substitute "12345678" with the PPA's OpenPGP ID. apt-get update apt-get install --yes dbus dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
There is a current (for Karmic, Lucid, ..., Precise) issue with services running in a chroot: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/upstart/+bug/430224.
A workaround is to link /sbin/initctl to /bin/true.
ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
Upgrade packages if you want:
apt-get --yes upgrade
Install packages needed for Live System:
apt-get install --yes ubuntu-standard casper lupin-casper apt-get install --yes discover laptop-detect os-prober apt-get install --yes linux-generic
Before Maverick, discover named to discover1. Adjust the preceding lines accordingly.
If you make Lucid Lynx (10.04) base Live system you need install grub2 plymouth-x11 packages:
apt-get install --yes grub2 plymouth-x11
Jaunty Jackalope (9.04) seems to hang on the configuration of the network interfaces unless network-manager is installed. This is no longer a problem in Karmic 9.10.
apt-get install --no-install-recommends network-manager
Next, you may install more packages as you like, assuming you have the legal rights to redistribute the packages. This is where you build your custom system using packages from the Ubuntu archives.
Graphical installer, optional step
The customised system can be set-up to allow it to be installed onto machines rather than only ever being a LiveCd. Simply install the Ubiquity packages and an appropriate desktop environment with a window manager. This step is optional and only needed if you want to allow your customised Ubuntu system to be installed on other computers.
For the Gtk front-end
apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-gtk
For the Qt front-end
apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-kde
Cleanup the ChRoot Environment
If you installed software, be sure to run
rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
Before exiting the chroot, remove the diversion:
Earlier this guide asked you to make a backup copy of /sbin/initctl. If the following command does not restore this file, then restore from the backup copy you made.
rm /sbin/initctl dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
Remove upgraded, old linux-kernels if more than one:
ls /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.**-**-generic > list.txt sum=$(cat list.txt | grep '[^ ]' | wc -l) if [ $sum -gt 1 ]; then dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge fi rm list.txt
Then just clean up.
apt-get clean rm -rf /tmp/* rm /etc/resolv.conf umount -lf /proc umount -lf /sys umount -lf /dev/pts exit
If you also bound your /dev to the chroot, you should unbind that.
sudo umount /path/to/chroot/dev
So far, you have entered the chroot and installed packages, then cleaned up and left.
Create the Cd Image Directory and Populate it
There are 4 packages that need to be installed on the Host System which provide the tools to make the Cd image. Syslinux contains isolinux which makes the Cd bootable. Squashfs-tools will compress the image. Genisoimage provides mkisofs tool to turn a directory into a CD image. So install syslinux, squashfs-tools, mkisofs and sbm.
sudo apt-get install syslinux squashfs-tools genisoimage
This next command makes the image directory and the 3 required subdirectories.
mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}
# Same as 'mkdir image image/casper image/isolinux image/install'A. You will need a kernel and an initrd that was built with the Casper scripts. Grab them from your chroot. Use the current version. Note that before 9.10, the initrd was in gz not lz format...
cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-2.6.**-**-generic image/casper/initrd.lz
B. If you have a problem with vmlinuz and initrd copying - maybe you have more than one from these files - you can using following commands:
for file in chroot/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.**-**-generic; do cp $file image/casper/vmlinuz; done for file in chroot/boot/initrd.img-2.6.**-**-generic; do cp $file image/casper/initrd.lz; done
You need the isolinux and memtest binaries. (Note: some distros place file isolinux.bin under /usr/lib/syslinux .)
cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/ cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32 image/isolinux/ # for syslinux 5.00 and newer cp /boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest
Boot Instructions for the Remix User
To give some boot-time instructions to the user create an isolinux.txt file in image/isolinux, for example:
splash.rle ************************************************************************ This is an Ubuntu Remix Live CD. For the default live system, enter "live". To run memtest86+, enter "memtest" ************************************************************************
Splash Screen
A graphic can be displayed at boot time, but it is optional. The example text above requires a special character along with the file name of the splash image (splash.rle). To create that character, do the following use the following command:
printf "\x18" >emptyfile
and then edit the emptyfile with any text editor. Add the file name just next to the first character and add the text you want to display at boot time beneath it and save the file as "isolinux.txt"
To create the splash.rle file, create an image 480 pixels wide. Convert it to 15 colours, indexed (perhaps using GIMP) and "Save As" to change the ending to .bmp which converts the image to a bitmap format. Then install the "netpbm" package and run
bmptoppm splash.bmp > splash.ppm ppmtolss16 '#ffffff=7' < splash.ppm > splash.rle
Boot-loader Configuration
Create an isolinux.cfg file in image/isolinux/ to provide configuration settings for the boot-loader. Please read syslinux.doc which should be on the host machine in /usr/share/doc/syslinux to find out about the configuration options available on the current set-up. Here is an example of what could be in the file:
DEFAULT live LABEL live menu label ^Start or install Ubuntu Remix kernel /casper/vmlinuz append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- LABEL check menu label ^Check CD for defects kernel /casper/vmlinuz append boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- LABEL memtest menu label ^Memory test kernel /install/memtest append - LABEL hd menu label ^Boot from first hard disk localboot 0x80 append - DISPLAY isolinux.txt TIMEOUT 300 PROMPT 1 #prompt flag_val # # If flag_val is 0, display the "boot:" prompt # only if the Shift or Alt key is pressed, # or Caps Lock or Scroll lock is set (this is the default). # If flag_val is 1, always display the "boot:" prompt. # http://linux.die.net/man/1/syslinux syslinux manpage
Don't forget to pick the correct extension for your initrd (initrd.gz or initrd.lz). Now the CD should be able to boot, at least it will be after the image is burned 
Create manifest:
sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest
sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
REMOVE='ubiquity ubiquity-frontend-gtk ubiquity-frontend-kde casper lupin-casper live-initramfs user-setup discover1 xresprobe os-prober libdebian-installer4'
for i in $REMOVE
do
sudo sed -i "/${i}/d" image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
done
Compress the chroot
If this Customised Remix is to potentially be installed on some systems then the /boot folder will be needed. To allow the Customised Cd to be an installer Cd, compress the entire chroot folder with this command:
sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs
Then write the filesystem.size file, which is needed by the installer:
printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size
However, if it is not going to be installed and is 'only' meant as a LiveCD then the /boot folder can be excluded to save space on your iso image. The live system boots from outside the chroot and so the /boot folder is not used.
sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs -e boot
It is important to note that if you are building a Karmic LiveCd on an earlier system, you will need the squashfs-tools package from Karmic or the LiveCD will not boot.
Create diskdefines
nano image/README.diskdefines
example:
#define DISKNAME Ubuntu Remix #define TYPE binary #define TYPEbinary 1 #define ARCH i386 #define ARCHi386 1 #define DISKNUM 1 #define DISKNUM1 1 #define TOTALNUM 0 #define TOTALNUM0 1
Recognition as an Ubuntu Remix
Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder. This is needed to make the USB Creator work with this custom iso image. Without this the image will still boot but the USB creator will not recognize the image as an Ubuntu CD and refuse to use it. Also, create the following files with the pertinent information:
touch image/ubuntu mkdir image/.disk cd image/.disk touch base_installable echo "full_cd/single" > cd_type echo "Ubuntu Remix 14.04" > info # Update version number to match your OS version echo "http//your-release-notes-url.com" > release_notes_url cd ../..
Calculate MD5
sudo -s (cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt) exit
This calculates the md5sum of everything in the image folder, except the file named md5sum.txt.
Create ISO Image for a LiveCD
Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
cd image sudo mkisofs -r -V "$IMAGE_NAME" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-remix.iso . cd ..
The boot.cat file will be automatically created. You may test your image through virtualbox-ose instead of rebooting your real system if you wish.
Make a bootable USB image
The USB-Creator works properly with the iso image that has been created so long as the hidden ".disk" folder and its contents are present. If you prefer to do it "by hand", you can put your live system onto a USB drive yourself. Follow these six steps to do so. You can use these steps to put an existing LiveCd onto a Usb bootable device.
FAT16 file-system (Windows)
1. Prepare your work area:
mkdir ../liveusb ../liveusb/mnt cd ../liveusb touch loop
2. Create a loop device with a fat16 file-system. Use whatever size you need to fit your image; in this case it's a 200Mb sparse file. A sparse file is a file that is bigger than the actual number of bytes it takes up on the disk.
dd if=/dev/zero of=loop bs=1 count=1 seek=200M mkdosfs -F 16 -n rescue loop
3. Two options here;
3a Mount the Cd-Rom iso image and your new file-system:
mkdir tmp sudo mount -o loop ../rescue-remix-804Alpha.iso tmp sudo mount -o loop loop mnt
3b Just use the "image" folder instead of mounting the iso image. This is useful if you don't want to make anything other than a Usb image from scratch (You don't have to make a Cd iso image if you don't need it)
ln -s ../image tmp sudo mount -o loop loop mnt
4. Copy the files
sudo cp -a tmp/* mnt/
5. Change the location of the boot-loader and its configuration file and make it bootable (For fat16 file-system (default))
cd mnt sudo mv isolinux/* . sudo rmdir isolinux/ sudo mv isolinux.bin syslinux.bin sudo mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg cd .. sudo umount mnt sudo umount tmp syslinux loop
6. Pack it up
gzip -c loop > remixusb.gz
To install onto a usb drive. Insert the drive and identify it's mount-point, for example /dev/sdc. Ensure that the device has a partition table on it and run
zcat remixusb.gz | sudo tee /dev/sdc1 >/dev/null
Ext2 file-system (proper Linux)
An ext2 file-system is useful in that it can hold larger files and the boot-loader can support relative symlinks. Follow the same steps as above, but substitute the instructions in steps 2 & 5
2. Create an ext2 file-system instead of FAT16, obviously.
dd if=/dev/zero of=loop bs=1 count=1 seek=200M mkfs.ext2 -L rescue -m 0 loop
5. It needs to be made bootable *before* unmounting.
cd mnt sudo mkdir boot sudo mv isolinux boot/extlinux sudo mv boot/extlinux/isolinux.cfg boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf sudo extlinux --install boot/extlinux/ cd .. sudo umount mnt sudo umount tmp
Partitioning your Usb device
A persistent home can be included within a file instead of a partition. If you want to use a whole partition, do the following.
The Usb image can be installed to any partition on the device. Just make sure that partition is the only one that is marked as bootable. You can partition your Usb storage device to contain the LiveUsb image as well as a storage partition. You can use the storage partition to:
- keep a small amount of recovered files.
- create a persistent home.
- or you can use it as swap space.
To partition your device, see HowtoPartition.
If the storage partition is located after the LiveUsb image partition then Windows won't be able to see it. This is not a problem since you can create the storage partition first and put the live image at the end of the drive. Just make the LiveUsb image partition the only partition flagged as bootable.
When the drive boots the bootable partition will be used and you are good to go. The LiveUsb image's partition won't be seen by Windows.
Troubleshooting
If the device does not boot, you may need to install an MBR onto the device.
sudo apt-get install mbr sudo install-mbr /dev/sdc
and try again.
Persistent Data
Create an ext2, ext3 or ext4 partition named "casper-rw" as a separate partition and append the word "persistent" to your "append" line configuration and all your session data will be stored there. You will be able to keep your changes between boots.
LABEL live menu label ^Start or install Ubuntu kernel /casper/vmlinuz append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd.gz quiet splash --
To Do
-Update syslinux/isolinux instructions.
With recent versions of syslinux the instructions shown here create a broken menu.
-Graphical boot
http://wiki.debian.org/DebianDesktopMakeSysImageEtch
http://www.sweb.cz/Frantisek.Rysanek/splash/isolinux-splash-HOWTO.html)
Comments
If you have any comments or questions, please feel free to add them here.
I wrote some instructions detailing how to create an Ubuntu Live CD from scratch with debian's live-helper scripts: http://david.decotigny.fr/wiki/wakka.php?wiki=LiveHelperUbuntu Tested on an x86_64 jaunty host for an i386 jaunty target CD.
Hi, I have a question on this guide. The remix after going through these step does not include Gnome Desktop, right? If so, can someone provide me the package name to the Gnome Desktop?
Thks Alan Chen.
Alan,
The ubuntu-desktop package is based on gnome. If you try to install it with apt-get it will resolve all the dependencies and provide a list. Before installing, it will prompt you and then you can quit. Review the list and you may find the packages you need.
Andrew,
I'd like a live-cd that requires login and does not provide root access without a password of my choosing. Is this possible?
-Patrick
I guess that Casper can do that. Look in the Casper configurations.Perhaps you need to create the user and password while making the chroot, then tell Casper to only use that user? - Andrew
Andrew et al,
I'm not sure that the instructions added here for the issue with running services in the chroot in Karmic are quite right. I say this because I used them today and it resulted in removing the following files: /sbin/start, /sbin/stop, /sbin/initctl. The commands used for removing the diversion did not restore them, and I had to manually reinstall them using a deb file. - Josh
-Sergey
I have made all as is written in this instruction. After loading from a disk I get to live cd command line. How I can start installation?
How can I set the keyboard language for the console and X? Currently I can make the livecd without problem but the kbd language is always en. Tnx in advance.
Matteo
People interested in a graphical environment read tasksel documentation.
This command show a list of all live CD/DVD tasks (groups of software)
tasksel --list-tasks | grep live
and this other the list of packages in the ubuntu-live task
tasksel --task-packages ubuntu-live
Carles Barreda
Hi, I'm working on a unnattended install CD using Ubuntu Lucid 10.04, and I found that if you erase /sbin/initctl the automatic install doesn't run. Also the instruction to generate the initctl using dpkg-divert is not working. So be careful...
Alejandro
When I follow this guide using 10.04. After the system boots it seems casper wants to run gdm. However, nowhere in this guide were there instructions for installing gdm and a window manager. Which is exactly what I want. The problem is that casper does not setup any ttys for me. How can I get casper todo this?
-pfifo
How do I install debian-installer is the same as in the alternate-cd, get it to start after instead of the live cd?
Serg
Is it possible to make an HD install from the CD/DVD that has no /pool and /dists folders? I start installation and AptSetup gives me error 127 trying to read the CD pool contents. There's nothing said about that here. As far as I understand this method uses the current (up to date) packages, so we have to grab the cd repo packages from the net repo also if we don't want to break dependencies.
Pry
Pry: If you get an error 127: after install ubiquity open chrooted environment following file:
/usr/share/ubiquity/plugininstall.py
and uncomment following line: about 136
self.configure_apt()
(put an # sign):
#self.configure_apt()
save and test it. If you have an generated LiveCd you can do it in booted Ubuntu Live environment too. Sevoir
Yet another question. Is it possible to get the package names to be excluded from the HD install (the difference between filesystem.manifest and filesystem.manifest-desktop files) ? It doesn't seem to be a good idea trying to figure out what to exclude for the next release.
Pry
Successfully completed this great guide! Thanks to everyone who contributed. Now I'm curious, after having followed this, tested out Reconstructor (meh, not worth $5 in my opinion), and other variants... at what point in this guide could one make some sort of a backup, to start a new build, without having to download the base packages and such? I am assuming after the debootstrap runs? Could I just back up the chroot folder and in the future continue from there with the backup? I'm going to try this, but I want to be certain that there aren't any 'gotchas' with this method.
Derjyn
One possible answer might be another guide in this series
So, the Cd itself can be considered a back-up stage to be developed from! 
Hello,
I just created a bootable/live usb drive with ubuntu 11.04 on it. the problem is that the drive is 16 gigs, but the program I used to create the live usb only allowed me to allocate 4 gigs of extra space (that is space above the space needed for Ubuntu). So I would like to make the extra space much larger perhaps even allow it to fill the whole drive. Is it possible to resize this? and if so how?
Thanks, Daniel Kimbro.
Interesting... I've gone through this procedure a couple of times now. It's awesome! What I don't get though is, something else is happening. If you make changes in /etc/init, those changes won't show up when you boot into the live environment.
I was even more surprised when I found that /home/ubuntu doesn't exist. Assuming this is something Casper does (given that it also takes care of persistent data which gets mounted as /home), where does it store this information?
Regards, Nevyn Hira.
It looks like the sbm package existed in natty but has since been eliminated. Does anyone know if a separate package needs to be installed in precise or oneiric? I will forge ahead and report back either way on my results.
Thanks, erixoltan
This howto is excellent! I am, however, having a problem getting my wireless networking credentials onto the custom image. I've tried to do this simply by copying over /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/* but this is causing problems. When I boot to the image, it says the installer encountered an "unrecoverable error" and then goes to a desktop session without any problem.
The specific error is in /usr/lib/ubiquity/bin/ubiquity:
DBusException in call_blocking(): org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.PermissionDenied: uid 999 has no permission to perform this operation Error: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/proc/4512/environ'
Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
Mark
Hi Mark, I think it's a permissions error. /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections need to be owned by root (chown root:root /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*) AND only readable and writable by the owner (chmod 600 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*). - Regards, Nevyn.
This howto is great. For those wanting to match the iso release with their local release but cant remember what it is you can run the following one liner to put it in the RELEASE variable
RELEASE=`echo $(lsb_release -a 2>/dev/null | grep Codename)| sed -r 's/^.{10}//'`
echo "Your RELEASE is: "$RELEASEAlso please note the change from discover1 to discover in the "remove" line.
- Regards, MrPurple
I cannot umount chroot/dev after the chroot process. It says that it is busy. It worked when I used the -l flag with umount. Is there something I am missing to do it the way it is outlined here?
Jesse