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| [[TableOfContents]] | ||<tablestyle="float:right; font-size: 0.9em; width:40%; background:#F1F1ED; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" style="padding:0.5em;">'''Contents'''[[BR]][[TableOfContents]]|| |
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| == What are Vservers == | == What are VServers == |
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| The [http://linux-vserver.org Linux VServer Project] provides Linux kernel-based virtual servers running on a single piece of hardware. |
The [http://linux-vserver.org Linux VServer Project] provides multiple Linux environments running inside a single Linux kernel. |
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| Vservers are very useful for quickly setting up a set of restricted services for testing or production use. |
You can think of it as a bit like running a new system inside a ''chroot'', but with a different host name and IP address, a de-fanged `root` user, and configurable resource management. This is a similar feature to ''jails'' on FreeBSD and ''containers'' on Solaris 10+. |
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| Vservers are not as popular as the similar [http://www.xen-source.com XEN] Hypervisor, but help you a lot, if you have to administrate a large number of servers and services. |
VServers are a different approach to the popular [http://www.xensource.com XEN] Hypervisor; with XEN you end up with a kernel for each virtual server; VServers do not. So, with VServer you have less (virtually no) overhead, on the other hand you also have fewer features - it is currently impossible to have a VServer with a different time set to the host system, for instance. However it ''is'' possible to run a different time zone, as that is a purely ''user-space'' feature. The design of UNIX in general mean that for the vast majority of applications, this virtualisation technique is perfectly adequate. |
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| While it will take some until XEN ist integrated into Ubuntu Vserver are availabe now. |
Note that Xen and VServer are ''orthogonal'' approaches - that is, it is perfectly possible and sometimes even sensible to run Xen virtual machines on a Linux system, then Linux VServers within those Xen machines. |
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| * Kernel with Vserver patch * util-verver |
* Kernel with VServer patch * util-vserver |
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You can install these packages if you add the following lines to your sources.list: ## * breezy {{{ ##deb http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ breezy uniklu-vserver ###deb-src http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ breezy uniklu-vserver ##}}} * dapper {{{ deb http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ dapper uniklu-vserver #deb-src http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ dapper uniklu-vserver }}} The uniklu archives are signed - if you want get rid of apt-get warnings: {{{$ wget http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/uniklu-debuild.pub $ sudo apt-key add uniklu-debuild.pub }}} To install the VServer Kernel and utils enter: ## * breezy {{{ ### apt-get install linux-image-2.6.12-11-686 ### apt-get install util-vserver vserver-debiantools}}} * dapper {{{ # apt-get install linux-image-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1)-686 # apt-get install util-vserver vserver-debiantools}}} You should get the following revisions ## * breezy ## || kernel || -11-2.6.12-11.25vs (one api number higher than the standard kernel) || ## || util-vserver || >= 0.30.208-4ubuntu1 || ## || vserver-debiantools || >= 0.2.5 || * dapper || kernel || -(dapper_abi+1)-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1).(dapper_release)vs || || util-vserver || >= 0.30.210-0uk || || vserver-debiantools || >= 0.2.6 || ## At the moment the kernel is one revision behind the offical Ubuntu Kernel - will be fixed soon ! ## || breezy-security || -10-686-2.6.12-10.24 || ## || uniklu-vserver || -11-686-2.6.12.11.24vs || ## Make sure you install the kernel from the uniklu-vserver archive. The vserver-debiantools do not work 100% but should help you setting your first vserver quickly - see [http://support.uni-klu.ac.at/VServer Uniklu VServer Info] The Kernel is the standard Ubuntu Kernel with the Vserver patch applied. ## * breezy: Vserver patch 2.0 for kernel-2.6.12 * dapper: Vserver patch >= 2.0.2-rc13 for kernel-2.6.15 The Kernel and binaries are available for {{{i386}}} and {{{amd64}}} It is possible and supported to run 32bit i386 VServers on an amd64 VServer Kernel. == Distributed Remote Block Device (DRBD) == [http://www.drbd.org DRBD] can be used with VServer to build simple, robust and cheap HA solutions with disaster failover capabilty to a remote location. Simply put your VServers on a DRBD and let heartbeat in another building takeover the DRBD and start your VServers. DRBD utils and kernel modules for the VServer enabled kernels are available in the above archive: {{{ apt-get install drbd0.7-module-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1)-arch drbd0.7-utils }}} == Build Yourself == I've created a tgz of the diffs and build script i'm using for building the kernel debs. {{{$ wget http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/dists/dapper/uniklu-vserver/vserver-image-build.tgz $ tar -xzf vserver-image-build.tgz $ cd linux-vserver-2.6.15 $ ./kbuild.sh }}} |
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| * [http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/Vserver Uniklu Vserver Info] | * [http://support.uni-klu.ac.at/VServer Uniklu VServer info] * [http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_vserver_debian Linux VServer on Debian Sarge] * [http://www.drbd.org DRBD Homepage] * [http://linux-vserver.org/Vserver+DRBD VServer and DRBD info] CategoryDocumentation CategoryCleanup |
ContentsBRTableOfContents |
What are VServers
The [http://linux-vserver.org Linux VServer Project] provides multiple Linux environments running inside a single Linux kernel.
You can think of it as a bit like running a new system inside a chroot, but with a different host name and IP address, a de-fanged root user, and configurable resource management. This is a similar feature to jails on FreeBSD and containers on Solaris 10+.
VServers are a different approach to the popular [http://www.xensource.com XEN] Hypervisor; with XEN you end up with a kernel for each virtual server; VServers do not. So, with VServer you have less (virtually no) overhead, on the other hand you also have fewer features - it is currently impossible to have a VServer with a different time set to the host system, for instance. However it is possible to run a different time zone, as that is a purely user-space feature. The design of UNIX in general mean that for the vast majority of applications, this virtualisation technique is perfectly adequate.
Note that Xen and VServer are orthogonal approaches - that is, it is perfectly possible and sometimes even sensible to run Xen virtual machines on a Linux system, then Linux VServers within those Xen machines.
Installation
Installation is quite simple - you need:
- Kernel with VServer patch
- util-vserver
- vserver-debiantools
You can install these packages if you add the following lines to your sources.list:
dapper
deb http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ dapper uniklu-vserver #deb-src http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/ dapper uniklu-vserver
The uniklu archives are signed - if you want get rid of apt-get warnings: {{{$ wget http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/uniklu-debuild.pub $ sudo apt-key add uniklu-debuild.pub }}}
To install the VServer Kernel and utils enter:
dapper
# apt-get install linux-image-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1)-686 # apt-get install util-vserver vserver-debiantools
You should get the following revisions
- dapper
kernel
-(dapper_abi+1)-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1).(dapper_release)vs
util-vserver
>= 0.30.210-0uk
vserver-debiantools
>= 0.2.6
The vserver-debiantools do not work 100% but should help you setting your first vserver quickly - see [http://support.uni-klu.ac.at/VServer Uniklu VServer Info]
The Kernel is the standard Ubuntu Kernel with the Vserver patch applied.
dapper: Vserver patch >= 2.0.2-rc13 for kernel-2.6.15
The Kernel and binaries are available for i386 and amd64
It is possible and supported to run 32bit i386 VServers on an amd64 VServer Kernel.
Distributed Remote Block Device (DRBD)
[http://www.drbd.org DRBD] can be used with VServer to build simple, robust and cheap HA solutions with disaster failover capabilty to a remote location.
Simply put your VServers on a DRBD and let heartbeat in another building takeover the DRBD and start your VServers.
DRBD utils and kernel modules for the VServer enabled kernels are available in the above archive:
apt-get install drbd0.7-module-2.6.15-(dapper_abi+1)-arch drbd0.7-utils
Build Yourself
I've created a tgz of the diffs and build script i'm using for building the kernel debs.
{{{$ wget http://ubuntu.uni-klu.ac.at/ubuntu.uniklu/dists/dapper/uniklu-vserver/vserver-image-build.tgz $ tar -xzf vserver-image-build.tgz $ cd linux-vserver-2.6.15 $ ./kbuild.sh }}}
Links
[http://linux-vserver.org Linux VServer Project]
[http://support.uni-klu.ac.at/VServer Uniklu VServer info]
[http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_vserver_debian Linux VServer on Debian Sarge]
[http://www.drbd.org DRBD Homepage]
[http://linux-vserver.org/Vserver+DRBD VServer and DRBD info]