Partitions and Booting

Graphical Partition Editor

Install the qtparted package (see „Managing Repositories”).
You can run the application with: K-Menu->System->QtParted

Check disk space usage and view the partition table

Launch K-Menu->System Settings->Disks & Filesystems
Each partition will be listed under Available Disks and Filesystems details of each partition.

List mounted devices in a terminal

To list mounted devices in a terminal, run the following command:

mount

The listing shows the device (such as a hard disk partition), the mount point (where you access the files), the filesystem type and the mount options.

This example shows the hda2 hard disk partition mounted as '/', with the filesystem type ext3. The partition is mounted with two options, one to allow the device to be read from and wrote to and the other to remount the device as read only in the event of any errors.

          /dev/hda2 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro)

Mount/Unmount Windows partitions

Read „Check disk space usage and view the partition table”
First, make a directory where the partition can be mounted:
```
sudo mkdir /mnt/windows
```
Next, run the following command to mount an NTFS Windows Partition and allow read-only access:
```
sudo mount /dev/hdaX /mnt/windows/ -t ntfs -o ro,umask=0222
```
If your Windows partition uses the FAT32 filesystem, it is safe to allow read-write access to the partition. Run the command
```
sudo mount /dev/hdaX /mnt/windows/ -t vfat -o umask=0000
```
instead of the one above.

Notatka

Replace /dev/hdaX with the correct device name for your partition.
To unmount the partition, run the following command:
```
sudo umount /mnt/windows/
```

Mount Windows partitions on boot-up

Read „Check disk space usage and view the partition table”
First, make a directory where the partition can be mounted:
```
sudo mkdir /mnt/windows
```
Next, backup your configuration file for mounting drives and open the file in a text editor with administrative privileges:
```
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
kdesu kate /etc/fstab
```
If your Windows partition uses the NTFS filesystem, append the following line at the end of file
```
/dev/hdaX /mnt/windows ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0
```
If your Windows partition uses the FAT32 filesystem, it is safe to allow read-write access to the partition. Append the following line at the end of the file
```
/dev/hdaX /mnt/windows vfat umask=0000 0 0
```
instead of the one above.

Notatka

Replace /dev/hdaX with the correct device name for your partition.
Save the edited file (an example).
Read „Remount /etc/fstab without rebooting”.

Remount /etc/fstab without rebooting

```
sudo mount -a
```

Run a system command automatically at Startup

Sometimes it can be useful to add a custom command to the startup process so that your computer executes it on every boot. To do this:

Edit the crontab with administrative privileges (see „Root i Sudo”):
```
sudo crontab -e
```
Insert the following line:
```
@reboot /home/user/command
```
Notatka

Replace /home/user/command with the full path to your command.
Save the file and exit.

Change default Operating System at boot

Make a backup of your boot configuration file, and open it in a text editor:

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
kdesu kate /boot/grub/menu.lst

Find this line:
```
...
default 0
...
                    
```
Replace with the following line:
```
default X_sequence
```
Save the edited file ( an example)

Making the Boot Menu Visible

By default, the boot menu is hidden and you will need to hit Esc to see the boot menu. By following the following steps, it will be visible by default.

Make a backup of your boot configuration file, and open it in a text editor:

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
kdesu kate /boot/grub/menu.lst

Find this line
```
# hiddenmenu
```
and uncomment it by removing the # in front of the line so that it looks like:
```
hiddenmenu
```
Save the edited file ( an example)

Change the timeout for boot menu

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
kdesu kate /boot/grub/menu.lst

Find this line
```
...
timeout 3
...
                    
```
Replace with the following line
```
timeout X_seconds
```
Save the edited file ( an example)