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Description
OpenNebula is an open source virtual infrastructure engine that enables the dynamic deployment and re-placement of virtualized services (groups of interconnected virtual machines) within and across sites. OpenNebula extends the benefits of virtualization platforms from a single physical resource to a pool of resources, decoupling the server not only from the physical infrastructure but also from the physical location.
OpenNebula can be primarily used as a virtualization tool to manage your virtual infrastructure in the data-center or cluster. This application is usually referred as a private cloud, and with OpenNebula you can also dynamically scale it to multiple external clouds, thus building a hybrid cloud. When combined with a Cloud interface, OpenNebula can be used as the engine for public clouds, providing a scalable and dynamic management of the back-end infrastructure. So, do you want to transform your rigid and compartmentalized infrastructure, into a flexible and agile platform where you can dynamically deploy new services and adjust their capacity? If the answer is yes, you want to build what is nowadays called a private cloud.
Setting up a Private Cloud in 5 steps
In this mini-howto, you will learn to setup such private cloud in 5 steps with Ubuntu and OpenNebula . We assume that your infrastructure follows a classical cluster-like architecture, with a front-end (cluster01, in the howto) and a set of worker nodes (cluster02 and cluster03).
First you’ll need to add the following PPA if you are running Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy) or Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid), you should be fine if you are running Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope):
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/opennebula-ubuntu/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main
If everything is set up correctly you could see the OpenNebula packages:
$ apt-cache search opennebula
libopennebula-dev - OpenNebula client library - Development
libopennebula1 - OpenNebula client library - Runtime
opennebula - OpenNebula controller
opennebula-common - OpenNebula common files
opennebula-node - OpenNebula nodeOK, then. Here we go with the recipe:
Step 1 : Front-end installation
[Front-end (cluster01)] Install the opennebula package. As you may see from the output of the apt-get command performs several configuration steps: creates a oneadmin account, generates a rsa key pair, and starts the OpenNebula daemon:
$ sudo apt-get install opennebula
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
opennebula-common
The following NEW packages will be installed:
opennebula opennebula-common
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 280kB of archives.
After this operation, 1352kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
…
Setting up opennebula-common (1.2-0ubuntu1~intrepid1) …
…
Adding system user `oneadmin’ (UID 107) …
Adding new user `oneadmin’ (UID 107) with group `nogroup’ …
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
…
Setting up opennebula (1.2-0ubuntu1~intrepid1) …
oned and scheduler started
Step 2 : Add the cluster nodes to the system
[Front-end (cluster01)] In this case, we’ll be using KVM and no shared storage. This simple configuration should work out-of-the-box with Ubuntu:
$ onehost add cluster02 im_kvm vmm_kvm tm_ssh
Success!
...
$ onehost add cluster03 im_kvm vmm_kvm tm_ssh
Success!
...
Step 3 : Configure ssh access
[Front-end (cluster01)] You need to add the cluster nodes to the known hosts list for the oneadmin user:
$ sudo -u oneadmin ssh cluster02
The authenticity of host 'cluster02 (192.168.16.2)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 37:41:a5:0c:e0:64:cb:03:3d:ac:86:b3:44:68:5c:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'cluster02,192.168.16.2' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oneadmin@cluster02's password:
Step 4 : Install the nodes
[Worker Node (cluster02,cluster03)] Install the OpenNebula Node package:
$ sudo apt-get install opennebula-node
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
opennebula-common
The following NEW packages will be installed:
opennebula-common opennebula-node
...
Setting up opennebula-node (1.2-0ubuntu1~intrepid1) ...
Adding user `oneadmin' to group `libvirtd' ...
Adding user oneadmin to group libvirtd
Done. Note that oneadmin is also created at the nodes (no need for NIS here) and added to the libvirtd, so it can manage the VMs.
Step 5 : Setting authorization
[Worker Node (cluster02,cluster03)] Trust the oneadmin user at the ssh scope, just copy the command from the onehost output 
:
$ sudo tee /var/lib/one/.ssh/authorized_keys << EOT
> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAm9n0E4bS9K8NUL2bWh4F78LZWDo8uj2VZiAeylJzct
…7YPgr+Z4+lhOYPYMnZIzVArvbYzlc7HZxczGLzu+pu012a6Mv4McHtrzMqHw== oneadmin@cluster01
> EOTYou may want to check that you can login the cluster nodes from the front-end, using the oneadmin account without being asked for a password:
$ sudo -u oneadmin ssh cluster02
You are done! You have your own cloud up and running! Now, you should be able to see your nodes ready to start VMs:
$ onehost list
HID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM STAT
0 cluster02 0 100 100 100 963992 902768 on
1 cluster03 0 100 100 100 963992 907232 on You may want to check the OpenNebula documentation for further information on configuring the system or to learn how to specify virtual machines.
How to launch a VM
First, you need to prepare a virtual network for our VM. Create a text file vmnet.template containing the following to create a virtual network with just one IP (change it accordingly to your LAN address):
NAME = "Private LAN"
TYPE = FIXED
BRIDGE = eth0
LEASES = [IP=130.10.0.1]$ onevnet create vmnet.template
You can verify the correct creation of the network using again the onevnet command, first listing all the available virtual networks with onevnet list and then showing details for the recently created virtual network with onevnet show:
$ onevnet list
NID NAME TYPE SIZE BRIDGE
0 Public VLAN 1 eth0
$ onevnet show "Private LAN"
NID : 0
UID : 0
Network Name : Private LAN
Type : Fixed
Size : 1
Bridge : eth0
....: Template :....
BRIDGE=eth0
LEASES=IP=130.10.0.1,MAC=50:20:20:20:20:20
....: Leases :....
IP = 130.10.0.1 MAC = 50:20:20:20:20:20 USED = 0 VID = -1Once you have created the virtual network, we can then submit a VM to OpenNebula, by using onevm. We are going to build a VM template to submit the image we had placed in the /opt/nebula/images directory. The following will do:
NAME = vm-example
CPU = 0.5
MEMORY = 128
OS = [
kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-4-xen-amd64",
initrd = "/boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-4-xen-amd64",
root = "sda1" ]
DISK = [
source = "/opt/nebula/images/disk.img",
target = "sda1",
readonly = "no" ]
DISK = [
type = "swap",
size = 1024,
target = "sdb"]
NIC = [ NETWORK = "Private LAN" ]Save it in your home and name it myfirstVM.template.
Once you have tailored the requirements to your needs (specially, CPU and MEMORY fields), ensuring that the VM fits into at least one of both hosts, lets submit the VM (assuming you are currently in your home folder):
$ onevm submit myfirstVM.template
This should come back with an ID, that you can use to identify the VM for monitoring and controlling, again through the use of the onevm command:
$ onevm list
The output should look like:
ID NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 one-0 runn 0 65536 aquila01 00 0:00:02
What next?
More information: Documentation, Guides and Use Cases
To configure OpenNebula to launch an EC2 instance, go here
To configure OpenNebula with Haizea to use advanced scheduling features (including Advance Reservations), go here